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I used to be shocked once I was trying up what had occurred to Flatters & Garnett, the Manchester organic provides agency that geared up college and elementary laboratories, in addition to novice microscopists, entomologists and botanists, within the first seven a long time of the twentieth century. I believed they will need to have been taken over as laboratory provide corporations consolidated by mergers and takeovers. I used to be flawed. Flatters & Garnett went into liquidation in 1967 after what the Science Museum web site described as ‘monetary issues’.
Abraham Flatters (see my earlier article right here) was joined by Charles Garnett to type their partnership in 1901. The Garnett household after ‘a critical rift’ purchased out Flatters in 1909 so Flatters & Garnett whereas retaining the title continued with out Flatters.
Sadly, the Science Museum’s web site doesn’t state the sources of its data on Flatters & Garnett. Subsequently I’ll attempt to flesh out a few of the data supplied.
Charles Garnett was born on 30 Could 1842 at Latchford close to Warrington, Cheshire, the son of a blacksmith. In response to the Science Museum he grew to become apprenticed to a grocer ‘however, on the age of 21, emigrated to New Zealand. There, he grew to become fascinated by pure historical past and made a set of the ferns discovered on South Island. In 1873, he returned to Manchester and opened a restaurant in Cateaton Road’. Nonetheless, within the 1881 Census he’s proven as a confectioner using 3 ladies and 1 boy. The identical occupation is proven in 1891. Solely in 1901 is he proven as ‘confectioner and restaurant keeper’. He had married in January 1876 in Manchester; his spouse was born in Adelaide, South Australia. By 1911 he’s simply ‘confectioner’; there is no such thing as a point out of his involvement with Flatters & Garnett. Additionally current have been his spouse, a son (a jeweller), his brother (retired blacksmith) and two servants. Charles Garnett died on 12 January 1921. He left £12,042 His executor was his son, John Benbow Garnett who was intently concerned in Flatters & Garnett from the beginning.
John Benbow Garnett was born on 4 February 1877. He was educated at Ackworth, a Quaker college. Within the 1901 Census he was dwelling at house together with his occupation proven as ‘pharmaceutical chemist’. He then joined Flatters in Flatters & Garnett and my guess is that his father supplied the cash whereas John labored with Flatters within the enterprise. Within the 1911 Census, John described himself as a ‘preparer of pure historical past objects and lantern slides’ work that was additionally being accomplished by Flatters. Was it a conflict between John and Abraham Flatters that led to the latter’s departure.
Ads from Flatters & Garnett in its first ten years present an emphasis first on the pharmacy and photographic actions. An commercial ran within the Manchester Metropolis Information (this one is from 1902) quickly after Flatters & Garnett was based:
Flatters & Garnett Ltd. Dishing out & Photographic Chemists, make a speciality of shelling out physicians’ prescriptions. “Neroline,” an emollient cream for chapped palms, 1s. and 1s.9Id. per bottle.-.48, Deansgate (one door from Blackfriars-st.).
By 1910, commercials have been showing which emphasised a selected side of the enterprise however by this time the pharmacy was not being talked about.
Flatters & Garnett Ltd. Specialists in Photographic Work. 32 Dover Road (near the College) Manchester S.E. Ship for revised Value Checklist, simply issued. Growing Printing Enlarging. N.B.-No reference to another agency.
This was in Manchester Metropolis Information of 28 Could 1910. The no reference to another agency was after all to Abraham Flatters’s breakaway firm that was topic to profitable authorized motion by Flatters & Garnett in the identical 12 months.
The wording on 31 December 1910 was:
Lantern Slides. Giant inventory on the market or rent, or made to order from negatives, prints, drawings &c by consultants.
For microscopy, this one appeared on 22 October 1910:
Microscopes, slides and equipment, for textile and different fibre examination, for critical work or recreation
By the point of the 1921 Census, John Benbow Garnett described himself as a pharmacist and Managing Director of Flatters & Garnett Ltd, scientific instrument makers. He led the enlargement of the corporate and its institution as a number one participant in organic provides.
That is from the Science Museum’s web site:
Flatters and Garnett Ltd moved in 1913 to bigger premises at 309 Oxford Highway, reverse the College. A couple of 12 months later, the corporate developed Mersol, an immersion oil to be used with excessive energy microscope goals which grew to become very fashionable and offered nicely for a few years.
Flatters & Garnett Ltd expanded its enterprise steadily throughout the Nineteen Twenties. The corporate elevated the vary of devices it produced, together with dissecting microscopes and the Precision microprojector. The corporate gained a repute for producing well-designed, dependable devices and offered its merchandise everywhere in the world. In 1932, the agency acquired a big Victorian home on Wynnstay Grove in Fallowfield the place it moved the microslide, specimen, photographic and chemical departments. Right here the employees might have more room and fewer disturbance from noise and grime than on Oxford Highway. In 1950, the corporate launched the Mikrops industrial projector. This changed the microscope for routine examination in lots of laboratories.
On 1 January 1938, Nature contained the next report:
A critical fireplace occurred on Sunday morning, December 19, on the laboratories of Messrs. Flatters and Garnett, Ltd., the well-known Manchester agency of microscopists. The chemical and microscopical laboratories have been utterly burnt out, however a substantial variety of mounted slides have been saved. The photographic and lantern slide division was solely barely concerned and the brand new instrument workshop, for manufacturing microscopes, micro-projectors, and many others., escaped completely. All of the employees is being retained, and work has already been resumed in short-term laboratories. Shares of a lot of the agency’s chemical specialities are held on the head workplace, 309 Oxford Highway, Manchester, 13, which is 2 miles from the laboratories.
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| Microscope Slide Label |
The corporate continued to exhibit on the Manchester Microscopical Society. In 1949, for instance, they demonstrated the ‘newest advances in microscopy’ on the annual public exhibition.
It appears seemingly that at a while John Benbow Garnett handed over the reins to his son, Wilfred John. On a sea journey to Australia in 1958-59 John Benbow is described as ‘microscopist’ which provides no actual indication of whether or not he had retired or not.
John Benbow Garnett died on 10 January 1973, leaving £26,600. He had been dwelling close to Coleraine in Northern Eire.
Wilfred John Garnett was born on 16 July 1914. Within the 1939 Register, the emergency census, he was dwelling at house and described as ‘Diploma Biologist, Director of Laboratory’. It was Wilfred John who signed on 22 June the formal discover to wind up the corporate and to nominate liquidators:
…on Wednesday, the 14th day of June 1967, the next Extraordinary Decision was duly handed: “That it has been proved to the satisfaction of this Assembly that the Firm can not by cause of its liabilities, proceed its enterprise, and that it’s advisable to wind up the identical and that the Firm be wound up voluntarily…”
I ponder what had gone flawed.
However that was not fairly the top of the merchandise. ‘A 1970 report of the Scottish Schooling Division on the varsity biology curriculum, said: The transparencies of Marine Life taken by Dr. D.P. Wilson which have been obtainable from Flatters and Garnett can now be bought by means of W.J. Garnett, Breezemount, Ringrash, Macosquin, Coleraine, N.Eire’. The deal with given was that occupied by Wilfred’s father on the time of his loss of life.
Wilfred John Garnett died on 13 June 1988 in Bristol.
Flatters & Garnett Ltd produced a lot of catalogues all through its existence. A quantity coated particular merchandise, like stains or ready microscope slides. The extent of their lantern slides shares may be discovered within the catalogue which may be seen on-line right here. The Second World Conflict clearly left the corporate in some problem. Nicely into the Fifties the primary catalogues had not been reprinted and an Interim Value Checklist was printed in 1951 and reprinted in 1954. Even then costs weren’t given; an accompanying leaflet did that.
As nicely promoting as their very own merchandise, F&G have been brokers for Baker, Beck, Prior, Swift and Watson microscopes, for instance.
The Science Museum in London accommodates plenty of objects made by Flatters & Garnett; see right here.
Does any of the gear and specimens provided by Flatters & Garnett nonetheless survive in British faculties? Microscope slides ought to have however I doubt they’ve. Do novice entomologists nonetheless have F&G objects nonetheless in use? Objects do discover their manner onto eBay and into public sale homes the place the descriptions can present nice amusement. For instance, a dissection package is described as a ‘subject surgical package’ or a vasculum for botanists as a ‘metallic satchel’. Amongst plenty of cut-throat razors is one purportedly by Flatters & Garnett. I itch to inform the seller that the F&G model was certainly a minimize throat razor however just one aspect of the blade was hollow-ground (i.e. concave). Attempt shaving with a razor designed to chop sections of plant stems and the like by hand.
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| Flatters & Garnett Projection Microscope From Micscape Journal June 2002 see Microscopy-UK web site I’ve seen considered one of these mendacity round however I can not keep in mind the place |
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| A Flatters & Garnett microscope for sale on eBay at current |
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| 1954 reprint of 1951 catalogue |
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| Microscope slide cupboard |
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| Vasculum for plant collectors – to maintain specimens recent. Fully changed by the polythene bag |
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